Make "note" (sorry, couldn't resist) of the fact that, even though they are fingered differently, the two patterns above sound identical. Also, keep in mind that the notes, played in ascending order, are D, F, A, and C. D is the root, or first, of the arpeggio, F is the flat third, A is the 5th, and C is the flat seventh. You may now answer the following questions: 1) Why is the F a b3 (read flat third) relative to the D; 2) Why is the C considered a b7 (read flat 7th)?; 3) Do penguins fly south for the winter?