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The A major chord is comprised of two whole steps (from the note
A to the note C#, a major 3rd interval) and one and one-half steps
(from the note C# to the note E, a minor 3rd interval). Therefore,
the three notes that comprise an A major chord are: A + C# + E.
This analysis holds true for all major chords. Notice that the
spelling of the A major chord form in Figure 1 is A + E + A + C# + E.
Notice that you could include the low E note and still
retain the A major structure. For most applications, however, the
fingering in Figure 1 sounds better.
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